华人新移民带来的财富，成就了美国华资银行
华人新移民缺少信用记录、但是仍有买房实力的现象，成为了美国主流社区银行挖掘的商机
图片来源：视觉中国
作者：ACE
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华人新移民缺少信用记录、但是仍有买房实力的现象，成为了美国主流社区银行挖掘的商机。
以在加州湾区有20家分行的社区银行富华信托银行为例，该行并非华资背景，但是中文名叫“富华”，取得不错，华人客户占比现今已经超过65%。
从主流社区银行，转型成为一家面相华人移民、中国客的“仿”华资银行，其中的契机就是富华银行看准了华人移民的浪潮，以及他们喜欢买房的习性。
富华银行执行总监韩以厚解释称，该行如此转型，缘起于10年前一个客户的启发。
当时在旧金山Portola的一家分行中，有一位银行同事在开会的时候说，很多在餐饮业工作的华人新移民，他们都有很多“头款”，但是因为种种原因，没有美国的信用记录，无法申请贷款买房。
为了帮助这些看似没钱其实有点钱的华人，富华银行推出了一个灵活的审查贷款项目，如今这个项目已经成为了银行的特色品牌。
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从中国到美国，贷款买房的方式不尽相同。
在美国买房贷款，信用记录非常重要。但是不少新移民因为语言不通、文化不同、历史难查等因素，对于信用卡的使用存在障碍。
这些新移民会担心某个步骤没处理好导致大问题，比如因为怕看不懂复杂的账单而忘了付款，或者漏掉一次付款就影响自己的信用分数，更别说需要用英语向银行职员询问复杂的金融问题。
而在没有信用记录的前提下，去申请主流大银行的贷款几乎不可能。“像这种客人就无法符合传统贷款的标准。”韩以厚说，但是这些客人都有买房的财力，尤其是他们能证明自己拥有付首期的现钱，比白人还有实力。
面对这样的特殊情况，与许多华资银行一样，富华银行推出了为亚裔社区量身打造的贷款项目——没有最低的信用分数要求，使用灵活收入证明审查，更适合自雇人士和没有美国籍的海外人士。但是相应的，这个贷款项目对于“头款”的比例要求也相对更高，要求达到35%。
类似这样的贷款项目，已经帮助很多华人买到了房子。富华银行也在这几年越做越大，成功上市。韩以厚自己作为贷款经理，业绩突破2亿美元，从10年前的银行出纳员晋升进入富华银行的管理层，成为这家主流银行第一位进入管理层的亚裔女性，她很感激那个从未谋面的故土带给她的机会。
不过，近来因为新冠疫情、中美关系以及中国的外汇管制，富华银行少了一些海外来的中国客人。但是韩以厚透露，因为现在美国利率低，所以本地的客人需求还是很大。
面对未来可能的金融危机，作为社区银行的富华银行充满信心，因为他们许多的贷款项目都是给华人买房，华人的花钱习性还是相对保守，这些客户的坏账发生率比较低。如果借钱给其他族裔，那可是风险很大的。
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事实上，随着那些“印象中很穷的大陆人”不断涌入，他们的真实财力正在不断带旺华资银行。
这些年来，大批华人移民涌入纽约皇后区法拉盛，使这个地区快速发展。人潮就是钱潮，更何况，法拉盛的钱潮大多数还是现金交易。这个势头，让多家银行在法拉盛增设分行，唯恐落后。
法拉盛地区有两条主干道，分别是南北向的主街，以及东西向的罗斯福大道，相信纽约华人都很熟悉。这两条主干道附近一平方公里内，银行已有30多家，而整个法拉盛地区，据说已经不止50家。
现在，是法拉盛有史以来银行最多的时候了。如果再加上理财顾问公司、保险公司、贷款公司、汇款公司等，法拉盛虽然长着中国大陆三线城市的模样，但已经是标准的金融区了。
法拉盛地区选出的市议员Peter Koo说，法拉盛的银行密度比曼哈顿的金融区还高。“法拉盛是纽约市的金融中心之一。”他说，“银行不断来法拉盛开业，说明华人有钱，小商业发达。”
Preferred Bank法拉盛分行总裁也说，华人市场经济活力无穷，银行机会很多。而在法拉盛营业的银行，有国家级银行/主流银行，如美国银行、大通银行、花旗银行等；有区域银行或跨州银行，也有少数族裔银行和社区银行，而华资银行大多是社区银行，如华美银行、国泰银行、保富银行等。一听名字就知道，都是华人喜欢的。
而这些银行，近年来大量雇用拥有普通话能力的人，也是一个重要趋势，反映中国大陆新移民的影响力。
就在上世纪70年代，纽约华裔移民主要还是广东人，聚居在华埠；台湾移民来纽约后，在华埠语言不通，加上住房拥挤，转而选择法拉盛，是第一波说普通话的华人。80年代之后，中国大陆改革开放后，来自内地各省的移民进入法拉盛，并造就了艾姆赫斯特、贝赛等卫星城市。如今，这里普通话才是主流，粤语倒要退居其次了。
上述Preferred Bank法拉盛分行总裁称，华资社区银行工作者都尽量要求会说中文，特别是普通话，由于相同的文化背景，他们能够成为移民和小商家信任的对象。
久而久之，这些大陆新移民带来的财富和交易资金，自然都流入了华资银行。
来源：华人家族财富
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